What Lies Between Galaxies

People often think of space as empty or a vacuum, meaning that theres absolutely nothing there.  The term void of space often refers to that emptiness. However, it turns out that the space between planets is actually occupied with asteroids and comets and space dust. The voids between stars in our galaxy can be filled with tenuous clouds of gas and other molecules. But, what about the regions between galaxies? Are they empty, or do they have stuff in them? The answer that everyone expects, an empty vacuum,  is not true, either. Just as the rest of space has some stuff in it, so does intergalactic space. In fact, the word void is now normally used for giant regions where NO galaxies exist, but apparently still contain some kind of matter. What lies between our galaxy and others in the universe, such as the Sombrero, shown here in a Hubble Space Telescope view?. NASA/STScI So, what IS between galaxies?  In some cases, there are clouds of hot gas given off as galaxies interact and collide. That material gets ripped away from the galaxies by the force of gravity, and often enough it collides with other material. That gives off radiation called x-rays ​and can be detected with such instruments as the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. But, not everything between galaxies is hot. Some of it is fairly dim and difficult to detect, and is often thought of as cold gases and dust. Finding Dim Matter Between Galaxies Thanks to images and data  taken with a specialized instrument called the Cosmic Web Imager at  Palomar Observatory on the 200-inch Hale telescope, astronomers now know that there is a lot of material in the vast stretches of space around galaxies. They call it dim matter because it isnt bright like stars or nebulae, but its not so dark it cant be detected. The Cosmic Web Imager l(along with other instruments in space) looks for this matter in the intergalactic medium (IGM) and charts where it is most abundant and where its not. Observing the Intergalactic Medium   How do astronomers see whats out there? The regions between galaxies are dark, obviously, since there are few or no stars out there to light up the darkness. That makes those regions difficult to study in optical light (the light we see with our eyes). So, astronomers look at light that streams through the intergalactic reaches and study how it is affected by its trip. The Cosmic Web Imager, for example, is specifically equipped to look at the light coming from distant galaxies and quasars as it streams through this intergalactic medium. As that light travels through, some of it gets absorbed by the gases in the IGM. Those absorptions show up as bar-graph black lines in the spectra the Imager produces. They tell astronomers the makeup of the gases out there.  Certain gases absorb certain wavelengths, so if the graph shows gaps in certain places, then that tells them what gases exist out there that are doing the absorbing. Interestingly, they also tell a tale of conditions in the early universe, about the objects that existed then and what they were doing. Spectra can reveal star formation, the flow of gases from one region to another, the deaths of stars, how fast objects are moving, their temperatures, and much more.  The Imager takes pictures of the IGM as well as distant objects, at many different wavelengths. Not only does it let astronomers see these objects but they can use the data they obtain to learn about a distant objects composition, mass, and velocity. Probing the Cosmic Web Astronomers are interested in the cosmic web of material that streams between galaxies and clusters. They ask where its coming from, where its headed, how warm it is, and how much there is of it. They look mainly for hydrogen since it is the main element in space and emits light at a specific ultraviolet wavelength called Lyman-alpha. Earths atmosphere blocks light at ultraviolet wavelengths, so Lyman-alpha is most easily observed from space. That means most instruments that observe it are above Earths atmosphere. Theyre either aboard high-altitude balloons or on orbiting spacecraft. But, the light from the very distant universe that travels through the IGM has its wavelengths stretched by the expansion of the universe; that is, the light arrives red-shifted, which allows astronomers to detect the fingerprint of the Lyman-alpha signal in the light they get through the Cosmic Web Imager and other ground-based instruments. The most distant galaxies tell about conditions in the distant universe, early in cosmic history. NASA, ESA, R. Windhorst (Arizona State University) and H. Yan (Spitzer Science Center, Caltech) Astronomers have focused in on light from objects that were active way back when the galaxy was only 2 billion years old.  In cosmic terms, thats like looking at the universe when it was an infant. At that time, the first galaxies were ablaze with star formation. Some galaxies were just starting to form, colliding with each other to create larger and larger stellar cities. Many blobs out there turn out to be these just-starting-to-pull-themselves-together proto-galaxies. At least one that astronomers have studied turns out to be quite huge, three times larger than the Milky Way Galaxy (which itself is about 100,000 light-years in diameter). The Imager has also studied distant quasars, like the one shown above, to track their environments and activities. Quasars are very active engines in the hearts of galaxies. Theyre likely powered by black holes, which gobble up superheated material thats giving off strong radiation as it spirals into the black hole.   Duplicating Success The study of intergalactic stuff continues to unfold much like a detective novel. There are a lot of clues about whats out there, some definite evidence to prove the existence of some gases and dust, and a lot more evidence to gather. Instruments like the Cosmic Web Imager use what they see to uncover evidence of long-ago events and objects in the light streaming from the most distant things in the universe. The next step is to follow that evidence to figure out exactly whats in the IGM and detect even  more distant objects whose light will illuminate it. Thats an important part of determining what happened in the early universe, billions of years before our planet and star even existed.

The Story Of Joseph, Recorded - 1498 Words

The story of Joseph, recorded in Genesis 37-50, is common in multitudinous places of worship throughout the world. For the most part, the story is one of a forgiving, strong man. After years of hardship as a result of a decision made by nine of his brothers, Joseph was blessed by God and forgave those nine brothers. What those places of worship don’t tend to discuss, however, is the fact that Joseph, throughout the story, tended to pick favorites amongst his brothers and hold grudges against the nine that made the critical decision, causing the character to seem slightly hostile and unforgiving, a counter-narrative of the typical story told in churches and synagogues everywhere. In Genesis 42-43, the Bible gives six examples of Joseph dealing and speaking harshly to his brothers. For example, he interrogated them upon their arrival in Genesis 42:7, and later, in Genesis 42:9, he acted like he suspected them of coming to spy on the land of Egypt. â€Å"And he put them all toge ther in prison for three days (Genesis 42 17 NRSV).† If Joseph’s true intention was to forgive and forget the wrong caused by his brothers, then all of these actions would be unnecessary and serve no purpose. The only reason Joseph would treat his brothers so is if he had been harboring a grudge for all those years against his brothers and was enjoying the opportunity bring them difficulty. Genesis 42:19-20 says this: â€Å"...if you are honest men, let one of your brothers stay here where you are imprisoned.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Genesis 36-50 958 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the book of genesis 36-50, it sustains significant narratives focusing on Esau’s descendants, which describe Esau’s family members and the stories of them, two wives and twelve sons. Esau’s was one of Abraham grandsons, and as such, part of some material blessings. One was that Esau became â€Å"father of the nation† the nation of Edom. I argue tha t Esau’s were experiencing God’s blessings, in conform to his promises. The abundance of goods is due to the divine blessing of God. They wereRead MoreThe Accounts of Birth of Jesus as Found in the St.Matthew and St.Luke861 Words   |  4 PagesThe Accounts of Birth of Jesus as Found in the St.Matthew and St.Luke The story of the birth of Jesus is recoreded in two books of the new testament, the Gospels according to St.Matthew and St.Luke. We find the accounts of Jesus birth in them. Lukes account, the most popularly known, includes the angels visit to Mary, the world-wide census, the birth in the manger in Bethlehem, the angels visit to the shepherds, and the shepherds visitation to the stable MatthewsRead MoreChristian Writing : The Dead Sea Scrolls950 Words   |  4 Pagesother writing that seem to be written about the same or story that appears to be similar. If we examine the Quran, we see that there is some evidence that is indicating that it utilizes some biblical stories, which were recorded within the Old Testament Bible. The interesting fact is that most of the Old Testament was written well before the Quran was invented by a group of Mohammed s followers. The Quran uses the stories of Jonah, Joseph, and Mary in a special way to further or benefit Mohammad’sRead MoreThe Dead Sea Scrolls1073 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand other writing that seems to be written about the same story or ones that appear to be similar. While we examine the Quran, we are able to see that there is some evidence indicating the use of some Bible stories, which were first recorded within the Old Testament. The interesting fact is that most of the Old Testament was written well before the Quran was invented by a group of Mohammed s followers. It contains the stories of Jonah, Joseph, and Mary, which in a unique way tend to further or benefitRead MoreThe Infancy Gospel Of James1684 Words   |  7 Pageswith his money, but is prevented from offering gifts to Israel because he has yet to produce offspring for Israel. Joachim decides that he will go into the desert and fast and pray in the effort to receive a message from God about offspring. He is recorded as saying that he â€Å"shall not go down either for food or for drink until the Lord my God visits me.† In the fourth chapter, the angel of the Lord who informs her that she will conceive a child who will be known throughout the world visits Anna. NearRead MoreTwo Weeks before John F. Kennedy Died917 Words   |  4 Pages9 was a fairly uneventful day for the president, and not a lot of it was recorded. There were, however, things going on behind his back. A Miami police informant, William Somerse tt, met with Joseph Milteer, a right-wing racist activist, and secretly recorded Milteer’s conversation as the man unexpectedly defined Kennedy’s assassination. An article written on this said, â€Å"The tape, later turned over to Miami police, recorded Milteer as saying, ‘[During Kennedys impending visit to Miami] You can betRead MoreThe Inethical Reporting of Michael Jackson1282 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough choice or otherwise. There is no question that ‘celebrity sells’, but there has to be a burden of responsibility on each journalist to ensure that simply because the ‘public has an interest’ in an individual celebrity does not mean that every story is ‘in the public interest’. Journalists are required to adhere to the same set of principles irrespective of the individual or group upon which they are reporting and this includes ‘celebrities’. However, people may argue that ethics in journalismRead MoreSherlock Holmes By Conan Doyle1158 Words   |  5 PagesSherlock Holmes is the main character of four novels and more than sixty short stories by Sir Conan Doyle (1859-1930).(please find the exact amount-needs to be hard fact) Doyle used inspirations from his reality to help strengthen his description of the fictional detective series of Sherlock Holmes. The author used actual descriptions, mostly of late Victorian London. Experiences from the accurate time period made Holmes’s stories come to reality. Author Ignatius Conan Doyle was born on May 22 1859, inRead MoreDreams And Visions : Is Jesus Awakening The Muslim World?1675 Words   |  7 Pagesit weeks later. 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Week Assignment free essay sample

What was glam rock and how can its influence be seen in asses rock? Glam rock was characterized as a form of rock that was performed by male performers who wore makeup and very feminine clothing. Many glam rock bands had very elaborate stage shows and costumes and were also known to make many references to both sexuality and drugs In their performances and lyrics. In Dalton to the sexual references, glam rock was also known for Its gender ambiguity as well as depictions of androgyny. Glam rock bands also featured many exaggerated themes during their performances, such as horror or science fiction.The artistic element of glam rock, which had heavy focuses on visual style and showmanship, changed the rock scene of the asses. . Describe what Is meant by counterculture and psychedelic. what are some of the important elements of the hippie worldview? How can music be psychedelic? The word psychedelic is a reference to the many new ways that people are able to experience the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Week Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The mid asses was a time where teenagers truly experienced a youth culture that was clearly different and distinguishable from the culture of adults.The counterculture refers to the clear separation from adult culture during he mid 1 sass. It was a term associated with the hippie worldview that was dedicated to cultural change through the use of music as the main medium. Since drugs helped people to a state of higher consciousness, it was perceived as a big influence on providing young people that new worldview. Rock became more psychedelic through its promotion of drug trips, which led people on spiritual Journeys and achieving that higher consciousness they had sought. The more psychedelic rock became, the spicier and longer the tracks became to its listeners.